Table 2-6 Table 2-6: Diffusion and gravity-wave drag. The table lists the type of horizontal diffusion, if present; whether there is vertical diffusion of momentum, heat, or moisture above the planetary boundary layer (PBL); and references on the gravity-wave drag scheme, if present. Hyperlinks connect to the summary report for each AMIP model version.

Model Version	Horizontal Diffusion	Vertical Diffusion Above PBL	Gravity-wave Drag Scheme
BMRC BMRC2.3 (R31 L9) 1990	scale-selective del^2	only to sigma = 0.5 in stable conditions	Palmer et al. (1986)
BMRC BMRC3.7 (R31 L17) 1995	del^6 > 75 hPa, del^2 < 75 hPa	for unstable stratification	Palmer et al. (1986)
BMRC BMRC3.7.1 (R31 L17) 1995	del^6 > 75 hPa, del^2 < 75 hPa	for unstable stratification	Palmer et al. (1986)
CCC GCMII (T32 L10) 1990	scale-selective function of wave number	x	McFarlane (1987)
CCSR/NIES AGCM (T21 L20) 1995	linear del^8	x	McFarlane (1987)
CNRM EMERAUDE (T42 L30) 1992	linear del^4	up to 25 hPa	Clary (1987)
CNRM ARPEGE Cy11 (T42 L30) 1995	linear del^6	x	Deque et al. (1994)
COLA COLA1.1 (R40 L18) 1993	linear del^4	x	Kirtman et al. (1993), Alpert et al. (1988)
CSIRO CSIRO9 Mark1 (R21 L9) 1992	scale-selective del^2	x	Chouinard et al. (1986)
CSU CSU91 (4x5 L17) 1991	nonlinear
CSU CSU95 (4x5 L17) 1995	nonlinear
DERF GFDLSM392.2 (T42 L18) 1993	linear del^4	x	Stern and Pierrehumbert (1988)
DERF GFDLSM195 (T42 L18) 1995	linear del^4	x	Stern and Pierrehumbert (1988)
DNM A5407.V1 (4x5 L7) 1991	nonlinear
DNM A5407.V2 (4x5 L7) 1995	linear del^4
ECMWF ECMWF Cy36 (T42 L19) 1990	linear del^4	for unstable stratification	Palmer et al. (1986), Miller et al. (1989)
GFDL CDG1 (R30 L14) 1992	linear del^4	up to about 5 km	Broccoli and Manabe (1992)
GISS Model II Prime (4x5 L9) 1994			Hansen et al. (1983)
GLA GCM-01.0 AMIP-01 (4x5 L17) 1992		x
GSFC GEOS-1 (4x5 L20) 1993		x
IAP IAP-2L (4x5 L2) 1993	nonlinear
JMA GSM8911 (T42 L21) 1993	linear del^4	x	Iwasaki et al. (1989a, b)
LLNL LLNL/UCLA MPP1 (4x5 L15) 1995	nonlinear
LMD LMD5 (3.6x5.6 L11) 1991	linear del^4		Boer et al. (1984a)
LMD LMD6b (3.6x5.6 L11) 1995	linear del^4		Boer et al. (1984a)
LMD LMD6s (3.6x5.6 L11) 1995	linear del^4		Boer et al. (1984a)
MGO AMIP92 (T30 L14) 1992	scale-selective del^2	x	McFarlane (1987)
MPI ECHAM3 (T42 L19) 1992	scale-selective del^4	for unstable stratification	Palmer et al. (1986), Miller et al. (1989)
MPI ECHAM4 (T42 L19) 1995	height-dep. del^10 to del^2	x	Palmer et al. (1986), Miller et al. (1989)
MRI GCM-II (4x5 L15) 1993	nonlinear (momentum only)		Palmer et al. (1986), Yagai & Yamazaki (1988), kappa=6.0x10^-6 m^-1
MRI GCM-IIb (4x5 L15) 1995	nonlinear (momentum only)		Palmer et al. (1986), Yagai & Yamazaki (1988), kappa=1.2x10^-5 m^-1
NCAR CCM2 (T42 L18) 1992	linear del^4, scale-selective del^2	x	McFarlane (1987)
NMC MRF (T40 L18) 1992	scale-selective del^2	x	Alpert et al. (1988), Pierrehumbert (1987)
NRL NOGAPS3.2 (T47 L18) 1993	linear del^4	x	modified Palmer et al. (1986)
NRL NOGAPS3.4 (T47 L18) 1995	scale-selective del^4	reduced wrt NOGAPS3.2 below 300 hPa	modified Palmer et al. (1986), confined to below 150 hPa
NTU GCM (T42 L13) 1995	scale-selective del^2		Chouinard et al. (1986)
RPN NWP-D40P29 (T63 L23) 1993	linear del^2	x	McFarlane (1987)
SUNYA CCM1-TG (R15 L12) 1990	linear del^4 and del^2	x
SUNYA/NCAR GENESIS1.5 (T31 L18) 1994	linear del^4 and del^2	x	McFarlane (1987)
SUNYA/NCAR GENESIS1.5A (T31 L18) 1995	linear del^4 and del^2	x	McFarlane (1987)
UCLA AGCM6.4 (4x5 L15) 1992	nonlinear		Palmer et al. (1986)
UGAMP UGCM1.3 (T42 L19) 1993	linear del^6	cut-off above hybrid level 0.65	Palmer et al. (1986)
UIUC MLAM-AMIP (4x5 L7) 1993		x
UKMO HADAM1 (2.5x3.75 L19) 1993	linear del^6 and del^4		Wilson and Swinbank (1989)
YONU Tr5.1 (4x5 L5) 1994	nonlinear (momentum only)	x
YONU Tr7.1 (4x5 L7) 1995	nonlinear (momentum only)	x

Last update November 7, 1996. For further information, contact: Tom Phillips (phillips@tworks.llnl.gov)

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