Table 2-11 Table 2-11: Cloud formation and precipitation. The table lists the descriptions or references for the cloud-formation scheme, and whether this is based on prognostic cloud liquid water (CLW). For precipitation, the table lists instances of simulation of autoconversion processes, evaporation in falling, and stochastic spatial variation within a grid box at the surface. Hyperlinks connect to the summary report for each AMIP model version.

Model Version Cloud Formation Precipitation
Scheme Reference(s) or Description Prognostic CLW Autoconversion Evaporation Stochastic Variation
BMRC BMRC2.3 (R31 L9) 1990 Slingo (1987), Rikus (1991)        
BMRC BMRC3.7 (R31 L17) 1995 Slingo (1987), Hack et al. (1993), Rikus (1991)        
BMRC BMRC3.7.1 (R31 L17) 1995 Slingo (1987), Hack et al. (1993), Rikus (1991)        
CCC GCMII (T32 L10) 1990 McFarlane et al. (1992)        
CCSR/NIES AGCM (T42 L20) 1995 Le Treut and Li (1991) x x x  
CNRM EMERAUDE (T42 L30) 1992 Royer et al. (1990), Tiedtke (1984)     x  
CNRM ARPEGE Cy11 (T42 L30) 1995 Deque et al. (1994), Deque and Piedelievre (1995)     x  
COLA COLA1.1 (R40 L18) 1993 Slingo (1987)     x  
CSIRO CSIRO9 Mark 1 (R21 L9) 1992 Rikus (1991), Saito & Baba (1988)        
CSU CSU91 (4x5 L17) 1991 Randall et al. (1989)     x  
CSU CSU95 (4x5 L17) 1995 Fowler et al. (1996), Randall et al. (1989) x x x x
DERF GFDLSM392.2 (T42 L18) 1993 Gordon (1992)        
DERF GFDLSM195 (T42 L18) 1995 Gordon (1992) with linear regression for prediction of marine stratocumulus        
DNM A5407.V1 (4x5 L7) 1991 Smagorinsky (1965), Galin (1984)        
DNM A5407.V2 (4x5 L7) 1995 Smagorinsky (1965), Galin (1984)        
ECMWF ECMWF Cy36 (T42 L19) 1990 Slingo (1987)     x  
GFDL CDG1 (R30 L14) 1992 Wetherald & Manabe (1988)        
GISS Model II Prime (4x5 L9) 1994 Del Genio et al. (1993) x x x  
GLA GCM-01.0 AMIP-01 (4x5 L17) 1992 Sud & Walker (1992)     x  
GSFC GEOS-1 (4x5 L20) 1993 diagnostic convective, large-scale cloud     x  
IAP IAP-2L (4x5 L2) 1993 Zeng et al. (1989)     x  
JMA GSM8911 (T42 L21) 1993 Saito & Baba (1988)        
LLNL LLNL/UCLA MPP1 (4x5 L15) 1995 diagnostic large-scale, convective, and boundary-layer cloud        
LMD LMD5 (3.6x5.6 L11) 1991 Le Treut & Li (1991) x   x  
LMD LMD6b (3.6x5.6 L11) 1995 modified Le Treut & Li (1991) x   x  
LMD LMD6s (3.6x5.6 L11) 1995 modified Le Treut & Li (1991) x   x  
MGO AMIP92 (T30 L14) 1992 Slingo (1987)        
MPI ECHAM3 (T42 L19) 1992 Roeckner et al. (1991) x x x  
MPI ECHAM4 (T42 L19) 1995 Roeckner et al. (1991), Sundqvist et al. (1988), Slingo (1987) x x x  
MRI GCM-II (4x5 L15) 1993 diagnostic convective, large-scale cloud     x  
MRI GCM-IIb (4x5 L15) 1995 diagnostic convective, large-scale cloud     x  
NCAR CCM2 (T42 L18) 1992 Kiehl et al. (1993)        
NMC MRF (T40 L18) 1992 Slingo (1987)     x  
NRL NOGAPS3.2 (T47 L18) 1993 Slingo & Ritter (1985), Slingo (1987)     x  
NRL NOGAPS3.4 (T47 L18) 1995 Slingo (1987)     x  
NTU GCM (T42 L13) 1995 Geleyn (1981), Liou & Zheng (1984), Slingo & Ritter (1985)     x  
RPN NWP-D40P29 (T63 L23) 1993 diagnostic convective, stable cloud     x  
SUNYA CCM1-TG (R15 L12) 1990 Kiehl et al. (1987)        
SUNYA/NCAR GENESIS1.5 (T31 L18) 1994 Slingo & Slingo (1991)     x x
SUNYA/NCAR GENESIS1.5A (T31 L18) 1995 Liang & Wang (1995)     x x
UCLA AGCM6.4 (4x5 L15) 1992 diagnostic large-scale, convective, and boundary-layer cloud        
UGAMP UGCM1.3 (T42 L19) 1993 Slingo (1987)     x  
UIUC MLAM-AMIP (4x5 L7) 1993 Oh (1989) x x x  
UKMO HADAM1 (2.5x3.75 L19) 1993 Smith (1990a) x x x x
YONU Tr5.1 (4x5 L5) 1994 Oh (1989) x x x  
YONU Tr7.1 (4x5 L7) 1995 Oh (1989) x x x  


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Last update November 12, 1996. For further information, contact: Tom Phillips (phillips@tworks.llnl.gov)

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