| Model Version | Convection References | Descriptions |
|---|---|---|
| BMRC BMRC2.3 (R31 L9) 1990 | Kuo (1974), Anthes (1977), Tiedtke (1988) | moisture convergence closure with shallow convection |
| BMRC BMRC3.7 (R31 L17) 1995 | modified Tiedtke (1989), Tiedtke (1988) | bulk mass flux scheme (no momentum effects) with shallow convection |
| BMRC BMRC3.7.1 (R31 L17) 1995 | modified Tiedtke (1989), Tiedtke (1988) | bulk mass flux scheme (no momentum effects) with shallow convection |
| CCC GCMII (T32 L10) 1990 | Boer et al. (1984a) | moist convective adjustment |
| CCSR/NIES AGCM (T21 L20) 1995 | Moorthi & Suarez (1992) | relaxed solution of interactive cumulus subensembles |
| CNRM EMERAUDE (T42 L30) 1992 | Bougeault (1985), Geleyn (1987) | bulk mass flux scheme with shallow convection |
| CNRM ARPEGE Cy11 (T42 L30) 1995 | Bougeault (1985), Geleyn (1987) | bulk mass flux scheme with shallow convection |
| COLA COLA1.1 (R40 L18) 1993 | Kuo (1965), Sela (1980), Tiedtke (1983) | moisture convergence closure with shallow convection |
| CSIRO CSIRO9 Mark 1 (R21 L9) 1992 | Arakawa (1972), Geleyn (1987) | relaxed moist adjustment with shallow convection |
| CSU CSU91 (4x5 L17) 1991 | Arakawa & Schubert (1974) | interactive cumulus subensembles |
| CSU CSU95 (4x5 L17) 1995 | Arakawa & Schubert (1974), Randall & Pan (1993) | interactive cumulus subensembles with prognostic closure |
| DERF GFDLSM392.2 (T42 L18) 1993 | Manabe et al. (1965), Tiedtke (1983) | moist convective adjustment with shallow convection |
| DERF GFDLSM195 (T42 L18) 1995 | Manabe et al. (1965), Tiedtke (1983) | moist convective adjustment with shallow convection |
| DNM A5407.V1 (4x5 L7) 1991 | Kuo (1974), Anthes (1977) | moisture convergence closure with moist adjustment |
| DNM A5407.V2 (4x5 L7) 1995 | modified Manabe et al. (1965) | dry and moist convective adjustment |
| ECMWF ECMWF Cy36 (T42 L19) 1990 | Tiedtke (1989), Tiedtke et al. (1988) | bulk mass flux scheme with shallow convection |
| GFDL CDG1 (R30 L14) 1992 | Manabe et al. (1965) | moist convective adjustment |
| GISS Model II Prime (4x5 L9) 1994 | Del Genio & Yao (1988), Yao & Del Genio (1989) | convective plume with entrainment and downdrafts |
| GLA GCM-01.0 AMIP-01 (4x5 L17) 1992 | Sud et al. (1991) modifications of Arakawa & Schubert (1974) | interactive cumulus subensembles with constraints on critical work function and minimum entrainment rate |
| GSFC GEOS-1 (4x5 L20) 1993 | Moorthi & Suarez (1992) | relaxed solution of interactive cumulus subensembles |
| IAP IAP-2L (4x5 L2) 1993 | Arakawa et al. (1969), Zeng et al. (1989) | steady-state cumulus ensemble |
| JMA GSM8911 (T42 L21) 1993 | modified Kuo (1974), Tiedtke (1983) | moisture convergence closure with shallow convection |
| LLNL LLNL/UCLA MPP1 (4x5 L15) 1995 | Arakawa & Schubert (1974) | interactive cumulus subensembles |
| LMD LMD5 (3.6x5.6 L11) 1991 | Kuo (1965), Manabe & Strickler (1964) | moisture convergence closure with moist adjustment |
| LMD LMD6b (3.6x5.6 L11) 1995 | Kuo (1965), Manabe & Strickler (1964) | moisture convergence closure with moist adjustment |
| LMD LMD6b (3.6x5.6 L11) 1995 | Kuo (1965), Manabe & Strickler (1964) | moisture convergence closure with moist adjustment |
| MGO AMIP92 (T30 L14) 1992 | Kuo (1974), Meleshko et al. (1991) | moisture convergence closure with moist adjustment |
| MPI ECHAM3 (T42 L19) 1992 | Tiedtke (1989), Tiedtke et al. (1988) | bulk mass flux scheme with shallow convection |
| MPI ECHAM4 (T42 L19) 1995 | Nordeng (1995) mods of Tiedtke (1989), Tiedtke et al. (1988) | modified bulk mass flux scheme with shallow convection |
| MRI GCM-II (4x5 L15) 1993 | Arakawa & Schubert (1974), Tokioka et al. (1988) | interactive cumulus subensembles with constraints on minimum entrainment rate |
| MRI GCM-IIb (4x5 L15) 1995 | Arakawa & Schubert (1974), Tokioka et al. (1988) | interactive cumulus subensembles with constraints on minimum entrainment rate |
| NCAR CCM2 (T42 L18) 1992 | Hack (1993) | mass flux scheme applied successively in three layers |
| NMC MRF (T40 L18) 1992 | Kuo (1965), Sela (1980), Tiedtke (1983) | moisture convergence closure with shallow convection |
| NRL NOGAPS3.2 (T47 L18) 1993 | modified Arakawa & Schubert (1974), Tiedtke (1983) | interactive cumulus subensembles with downdrafts and shallow convection |
| NRL NOGAPS3.4 (T47 L18) 1995 | modified Arakawa & Schubert (1974), Tiedtke (1983) | interactive cumulus subensembles with downdrafts, shallow convection with momentum mixing |
| NTU GCM (T42 L13) 1995 | Kuo (1965), Sela (1980) | moisture convergence closure |
| RPN NWP-D40P29 (T63 L23) 1993 | Kuo (1974), Anthes (1977) | moisture convergence closure with shallow convection by generalized boundary-layer turbulence formulation |
| SUNYA CCM1-TG (R15 L12) 1990 | Manabe et al. (1965) | moist convective adjustment |
| SUNYA/NCAR GENESIS1.5 (T31 L18) 1994 | simplified Kreitzberg & Perkey (1976) | dry and moist sub-gridscale convective plume model |
| SUNYA/NCAR GENESIS1.5A (T31 L18) 1995 | simplified Kreitzberg & Perkey (1976) | dry and moist sub-gridscale convective plume model |
| UCLA AGCM6.4 (4x5 L15) 1992 | Arakawa & Schubert (1974) | interactive cumulus subensembles |
| UGAMP UGCM1.3 (T42 L19) 1993 | Betts & Miller (1994) | relaxed convective adjustment to reference profiles |
| UIUC MLAM-AMIP (4x5 L7) 1993 | Arakawa & Schubert (1974) | interactive cumulus subensembles |
| UKMO HADAM1 (2.5x3.75 L19) 1993 | Gregory & Rowntree (1990) | bulk mass flux scheme with updrafts/downdrafts |
| YONU Tr5.1 (4x5 L5) 1994 | Arakawa & Schubert (1974) | interactive cumulus subensembles |
| YONU Tr7.1 (4x5 L7) 1995 | Arakawa & Schubert (1974) | interactive cumulus subensembles |
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Last update November 7, 1996. For further information, contact: Tom Phillips (phillips@tworks.llnl.gov)
UCRL-ID-116384