Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Table 1.  Models used for this study and sections in which they are used.

 
Model
Key References Flux Correction  Control Run Length [yr] Sections
1
BMRC Power et al. 1998 heat, water  80  2a-c, 3
2
CCCMA Flato et al. 2000, Boer et al. 2000, Flato & Boer 2000 heat, water  150  2a-c, 3
3
CCSR Emori et al. 1999 heat, water  200  2a-c, 3
4
CERFACS Barthelet et al. 1998a,b NONE 80  2a-c, 3
5
CSIRO Gordon & O'Farrell 1997 heat, water, momentum  100  2a-c, 3
6
DOE PCM Washington et al. 2000 NONE  300  2a-d, 3
7
ECHAM1+LSG Cubasch et al. 1992, von Storch et al. 1997 heat, water, momentum  960  2d
8
ECHAM3+LSG Cubasch et al. 1997, Voss et al. 1998 heat, water, momentum  1000  2a-d, 3
9
ECHAM4+OPYC3 Roeckner et al. 1996a.b heat, water (annual mean)  240  2a, 2c-d, 3
10
GFDL Manabe et al. 1991, Manabe & Stouffer 1996 heat, water  1000  2a-d, 3
11
GFDL R30 Delworth & Knutson 2000 heat, water 300  2d
12
GISS Russell et al. 1995, Russell and Rind 1999 NONE  98   2a-c, 3 
13
IAP/LASG Wu et al. 1997, Zhang et al. 2000 heat, water, momentum 80  2a-c, 3
14
LMD/IPSL Laurent et al. 1998, Leclainche et al. 2000 NONE 301  2a-d, 3*
15
MRI Tokioka et al. 1996 heat, water 80  2a-c, 3
16
NCAR CSM Boville & Gent 1998 NONE 300  2a-d, 3
17
UKMO HadCM2 Johns 1996, Johns et al. 1997 heat, water 1085  2a-d, 3
18
UKMO HadCM3 Gordon et al. 2000 NONE 400  2a-d, 3

* The model used for variability study (Section 2d) is a slight modification of the version used in other sections of this report (Dufresne et al. 2001).